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NEW QUESTION # 25
The condition that involves rapid breakdown of muscle tissue due to too much exercise, which can potentially result in kidney failure, is called
- A. Dialysis
- B. Rhabdomyolysis
- C. Proteinuria
- D. Myoglobinuria
Answer: B
Explanation:
Rhabdomyolysis, caused when an individual exercises too excessively, results in muscle damage and breakdown. These breakdown products, which can include protein and myoglobin, then enter the bloodstream and have the potential to harm the kidneys. Kidney failure, and possibly death, can result. Symptoms of rhabdomyolysis can include muscle swelling. pain, and soreness. Myoglobinuria and proteinuria describe the conditions of having myoglobin and protein in the urine. However, they do necessarily reflect a cause. Dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure.
NEW QUESTION # 26
Shortness of breath at rest is called
- A. Ischemia
- B. Syncope
- C. Orthopnea
- D. Dyspnea
Answer: D
Explanation:
A client with dyspnea will have shortness of breath while resting or only with mild exertion. It is not normal, and it can be a symptom of cardiac or pulmonary disease. Orthopnea is shortness of breath that occurs when one is lying down. It is relieved by sitting upright or standing. Ischemia occurs when there is a lack of blood flow and oxygen to the heart. This causes pain in the chest or pain that has radiated to the neck or arm. Syncope is a loss of consciousness that usually occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen.
NEW QUESTION # 27
An individual weighs 80 kg and is I. 75 meters tall. What range does his BMI fall into?
- A. Normal
- B. Obese class II
- C. Obese class I
- D. Overweight
Answer: A
Explanation:
BMI stands for body mass index and it can be calculated by dividing an individual,s weight by height squared. In this example, BMI = 80 kg / (1.75 m)2. This results in a BMI of 26.1. BMI values fall into a range. The normal range is 18.5-24.9. The overweight range is 25-29.9. The obese class I range is 30-34.9. The obese class II range is 35-39.9.
NEW QUESTION # 28
The body recruits type I muscle fibers for activities of
- A. short duration and high intensity
- B. long duration and high intensity
- C. none of the above
- D. long duration and low intensity
Answer: D
Explanation:
The body has two types of muscle fibers: type I and type II. Together, these muscle fibers can do all types of tasks. However, the body recruits each type during different activities or specific times of an activity, depending on the type and duration of motion required. Type I muscle fibers, also called slow-twitch fibers, are used for activities of long duration and low intensity, such as those involving endurance. In contrast, type II muscle fibers are employed for high-speed, high- power tasks. These muscle fibers are capable of generating force more quickly than type I muscle fibers.
NEW QUESTION # 29
The interactive tool that can lead to change by creating an equal partnership between the client and the trainer is called
- A. Appreciative inquiry
- B. Change talk
- C. Generative moments
- D. Motivational interviewing
Answer: C
Explanation:
Motivational interviewing is based on the idea that change occurs when there is an equal partnership between the client and trainer. While you are a training centered relationship. Generative moments are powerful or negative events that have happened to a client that can spur him or her to change. Appreciative inquiry is a technique in which the trainer asks positive and powerful questions to help the client visualize potential possibilities. Change talk involves language spoken by a client about his or her desire and ability to change their behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 30
All of the following are true of intermittent claudication EXCEPT
- A. Symptoms associated with intermittent claudication are reproducible.
- B. Intermittent claudication does not usually occur when a client stands or sits.
- C. Intermittent claudication usually goes away within 10 minutes of stopping an exercise.
- D. People with diabetes have a greater risk of having intermittent claudication.
Answer: D
Explanation:
When an individual has intermittent claudicatiox he or she develop pain in a specific area with exercise due to inadequate blood flow to that specific muscle. This pain can be reproduced from day to day. It usually does not occur when a client is sitting or standing. People with coronary artery disease or diabetes are prone to developing intermittent claudication. However, once the exercise that precipitated the pain has stopped, the pain should go away within one to two minutes.
NEW QUESTION # 31
A nonathlete who weighs 80 kg would require ________ grams per day of protein.
- A. 80 grams
- B. 50 grams
- C. 64 grams
- D. 100 grams
Answer: C
Explanation:
The average person,s daily requirement for protein is 0.8 g/kg. In other words, multiplying 0.8 by the person,s weight in kilograms will give the daily amount of protein in grams needed. For this individual, that would be 80x0.8 = 64 grams. Athletes require more protein each day-about 1.2 to 2 g/kg of body weight. If this individual were an athlete, he or she would require between 96 and 160 grams of protein per day. In addition to these specific recommendations, it is also recommended that protein account for about 12 to 15% of the total calories a person eats each day.
NEW QUESTION # 32
The hip joint is what type of joint?
- A. Cartilaginous joint
- B. Ball-and-socket joint
- C. Hinge joint
- D. Pivot joint
Answer: B
Explanation:
The hip joint as well as the shoulder joint can move in all directions. They are ball-and-socket joints. A hinge joint can only move in one plane, such as with knee flexion and extension. A cartilaginous joint is a strong joint that is very slightly movable, such as intervertebral joints. A pivot joint is a joint in one plane that permits rotation, such as the humeroradial joint.
NEW QUESTION # 33
The type of stretching that requires assistance from a personal trainer is called
- A. Passive stretching
- B. Ballistic stretching
- C. Static stretching
- D. Active stretching
Answer: C
Explanation:
In passive stretching, a client remains relaxed, allowing a trainer to stretch the clients muscles. Ballistic stretching, which involves a bouncing-like movement, can cause injury to muscles if not performed carefully. Static stretching involves movements that are deliberate and sustained. Active stretching involves stretching muscles throughout their range of motion.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which of the following conditions is an absolute contraindication for exercising during pregnancy?
- A. Ruptured membranes
- B. Heavy smoker
- C. Poorly controlled seizure disorder
- D. Poorly controlled hypertension
Answer: D
Explanation:
Recent research supports a role for exercise programs during pregnancy. Goals of this type of program can include reducing low back pain and decreasing the risk for developing gestational diabetes. However, there do exist a number of absolute contraindications. Some of these include ruptured membranes, placenta previa after 26 weeks of gestation, premature labor, preeclampsia, and high-risk multiple gestation pregnancies. In contrast, relative contraindications include the individual being a heavy smoker, having poorly controlled diabetes or seizures, or having poorly controlled hypertension or hyperthyroid disease.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following should be considered a life-threatening medical emergency?
- A. A hip fracture in an elderly individual
- B. Anterior cruciate ligament tear
- C. An Achilles, tendon rupture
- D. A dislocation of the cervical spinal cord
Answer: A
Explanation:
Any trauma to the neck (or cervical spine) should be considered a medical emergency. When the cervical vertebrae are dislocated or fractured, the spinal column can become unstable. This can potentially lead to paralysis or death. While an Achilles, tendon rupture or anterior cruciate ligament tear is a serious leg/knee injury, respectively, and may be career ending for athletes, either one is not life threatening. A hip fracture or a fracture of the neck of the femur can cause permanent disability, especially in the elderly. However, these are also not usually life threatening.
NEW QUESTION # 36
Leg raises are an example of
- A. Knee flexion
- B. Hip abduction
- C. Hip flexion
- D. Hip extension
Answer: C
Explanation:
Leg raises are one type of exercise that works the hip flexor muscles. These muscles include the iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, and pectineus. Exercises for hip extension include squats or leg presses. Hip extensor muscles are the hamstrings and the gluteus maximus. Hip abduction exercises can be done with an exercise machine. Muscles involved with hip abduction include the tensor fascia latae, sartorius, and gluteus minimus and medius. Leg curl exercises involve knee flexion. Muscles involved with flexion of the knee are the hamstrings, gracilis, and popliteus.
NEW QUESTION # 37
An example of active listening is
- A. didn,t you do this exercise this week?"
- B. "Great job your exercises this week!"
- C. "How did your big project at work turn out?"
- D. "So you are saying that you didn,t understand how this exercise was supposed to feel?"
Answer: D
Explanation:
Active listening is a technique than enhances communication. It involves conveying what the client says back to the client, so that the individual feels they are being heard and understood. The client tells you how he or she feels or what he or she thinks, and you repeat or paraphrase it back to the individual. This technique provides the opportunity for clarification in the event that the client actually meant something else. When actively listening, it is helpful to let the other speak without interruption and to maintain eye contact and focus on the client.
NEW QUESTION # 38
The primary function of the respiratory system is
- A. Maintaining fluid volume to prevent dehydration
- B. Regulating the body/ s pH level
- C. Delivering nutrients to tissues in the body
- D. Facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Answer: A
Explanation:
The respiratory system involves the lungs and is where the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide occurs. The cardiovascular system, which involves the heart and blood vessels, is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to all tissues in the body, regulating the body's pH level to prevent acidosis or alkalosis, and maintaining fluid volume to prevent dehydration.
NEW QUESTION # 39
All are true of a synovial joint EXCEPT
- A. A synovial joint never contains any other structures inside of it.
- B. The synovial cavity is filled with synovial fluid.
- C. A synovial joint may be supported by ligaments.
- D. A synovial joint can flex and extend.
Answer: C
Explanation:
A synovial joint is the most common type of joint found in the body and is made up of two articulating bones. Synovial fluid is present in the synovial cavity, which is lined by a synovial membrane. The joint is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, which can be supported by ligaments. Sometimes, a synovial joint may contain other structures, such as menisci (for example, in the knee) or fat pads. There are subtypes of synovial joints, including a hinge joint, ball-and-socket joint, and a pivot joint.
NEW QUESTION # 40
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