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NEW QUESTION 102
Researchers recently discovered that lipstick can become contaminated with bacteria that causes mononucleosis. They found that contamination usually occurs after the lipstick has been used for six months. For that reason, women should dispose of any lipstick after six months of use.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion above?
- A. The researchers could not discover why lipstick contamination usually occurred only after six months of use.
- B. The researchers found that among women who used lipstick contaminated with bacteria that causes mononucleosis, the incidence of these diseases was no higher than among people who used uncontaminated lipsticks.
- C. The researchers found that people who wiped their lipsticks clean after each use were as likely to have contaminated lipsticks as were people who never wiped their lipsticks.
- D. The researchers found that, after six weeks of use, greater length of use of a lipstick did not correlate with a higher number of bacteria being present.
- E. The researchers failed to investigate contamination of lipstick by viruses, yeasts, and other pathogenic microorganisms.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The best answer is C.
According to choice C, using a contaminated lipstick does not increase the incidence of infection, so the recommendation to replace a lipstick before it becomes contaminated is greatly undermined.
NEW QUESTION 103
In a survey in which people were asked what would improve public school education, 76 percent cited higher teacher pay and 65 percent cited using standardized tests. What percent of those surveyed cited higher teacher pay but did not cite using standardized tests?
(1) 52 percent of those surveyed cited both higher teacher pay and using standardized tests.
(2) 11 percent of those surveyed cited neither higher teacher pay nor using standardized tests.
- A. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
- B. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
- C. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
- D. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
- E. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE Is sufficient.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 104
Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers. Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles, researchers have concluded that the bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the researchers?
- A. Young male bowerbirds are inept at bower-building and apparently spend years watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style.
- B. It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically.
- C. Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently seldom have contact with one another.
- D. There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bower-building styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively.
- E. The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.
Answer: A
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NEW QUESTION 105
Adult female rats who have never before encountered rat pups will start to show maternal behaviors after being confined with a pup for about seven days. This period can be considerably shortened by disabling the female's sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands of the pup.
Which of the following hypotheses best explains the contrast described above?
- A. The amount of scent produced by rat pups increases when they are in the presence of a female rat that did not bear them.
- B. The development of a female rat's maternal interest in a rat pup that she did not bear is inhibited by the odor of the pup.
- C. A female rat that has given birth shows maternal behavior toward rat pups that she did not bear more quickly than does a female rat that has never given birth.
- D. The sense of smell in adult female rats is more acute than that in rat pups.
- E. Female rats that have given birth are more affected by olfactory cues than are female rats that have never given birth.
Answer: B
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NEW QUESTION 106
In the xy-plane, the point (0,3) is the vertex of a certain right angle. If the sides of the right angle intersect the x-axis at the points (-4,0) and (b,0), what is the value of b?
- A.
- B.
- C. 0
- D. 1
- E.
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 107
Which of the following best completes the passage below?
In today's pluralistic society, textbook publishers find themselves in an increasingly uncomfortable position.
Since the schools are regarded as a repository of society's moral and cultural values, each group within society wishes to prevent any material that offends its own values from appearing in textbooks. As a result, stance on an issue is certain to run afoul of one group or another. And since textbook publishers must rely on community goodwill to sell their books, it is inevitable that______
- A. fewer and fewer publishers will be willing to enter the financially uncertain textbook industry
- B. more and more pressure groups will arise that seek to influence the content of textbooks
- C. school boards, teachers, and principals will find it nearly impossible to choose among the variety of textbooks being offered
- D. the government will be forced to intervene in the increasingly rancorous debate over the content of textbooks
- E. the ethical and moral content of textbooks will become increasingly neutral and bland
Answer: E
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NEW QUESTION 108
Scientists recently found traces of down on the fossil of a dinosaur, which they describe as typical of the kind that eventually, in birds, develops into feathers.
- A. recently found traces of down on the fossil of a dinosaur and describe it to be typical of the kind that, in birds, eventually develops
- B. recently found traces of down on the fossil of a dinosaur, describing It as typical of the kind in birds that eventually develop
- C. recently found traces of down on the fossil of a dinosaur, which they describe as typical of the kind that eventually, in birds, develops
- D. describe the recently found traces of down on the fossil of a dinosaur to be typical of the kind in birds that eventually develop
- E. describe the traces of down found recently on the fossil of a dinosaur as typical of the kind that, in birds, eventually develops
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 109 
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 110
Under current federal law, employers are allowed to offer their employees free parking spaces as a tax- free benefit, but they can offer employees only up to $180 per year as a tax-free benefit for using mass transit. The government could significantly increase mass transit rider ship by raising the limit of this benefit to meet commuters' transportation costs.
The proposal above to increase mass transit rider ship assumes that
- A. the parking spaces offered by employers as tax-free benefits can be worth as much as $2,500 per year
- B. many employees are deterred by financial considerations from using mass transit to commute to their places of employment
- C. current mass transit systems are subject to unexpected route closings and delays
- D. because of traffic congestion on major commuter routes, it is often faster to travel to one's place of employment by means of mass transit than by private automobile
- E. using mass transit creates less air pollution per person than using a private automobile
Answer: B
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NEW QUESTION 111
Intuitively, intellectual skills and perceptual-motor skills seem very different because perceptual-motor skills appear more primitive. Ontogenetically, perceptual-motor skills develop before intellectual skills, or at least before most intellectual skills are manifested. Phylogenetically, creatures "high on the evolutionary ladder" are more obviously capable of intellectual skills than are creatures "lower down ".
Perceptual-motor skills also seem more closely tied to specific forms of expression. Being a chess player does not mean one can only play with pieces of a certain size, that one can only move pieces with one's right hand, and so on. By contrast, being a violinist means one can play an instrument whose size occupies a fairly narrow range and that one must play with a rather rigid assignment of functions to effectors (bowing with the right hand, and fingering with the left). The seeming narrowness of this perceptual-motor skill expression, contrasted with the seeming openness of intellectual skill expression, seems to follow from intellectual skills having symbolic outcomes and perceptual-motor skills having non- symbolic outcomes. Symbolic outcomes need not be realized in specific ways and can rely on abstract rules. Non-symbolic outcomes, by contrast, need more specific forms of realization and seem to depend on restricted associations between stimuli and response.
Another difference between intellectual and perceptual-motor skills is that the two kinds of skill seem to be represented in different parts of the brain. For example, structures homologous to the optic tectum, a nucleus located on the dorsal surface of the midbrain, have a common function in all vertebrates- coordinating visual, auditory, and somatosensory information relevant to the control of orienting movements of the eyes, ears, and head. Similarities in structure and function between these and other brain areas associated with perceptual-motor behavior suggest that mechanisms for control of perceptual- motor skills are both highly specialized and conserved across species. In contrast, what distinguishes the human brain from the brains of other species - even closely related ones - is the differential growth of brain regions most strongly associated with intellectual skills, such as the association areas of the cerebral cortex.
The contention that these areas serve intellectual functions is supported by a large body of clinical and experimental literature. Together, these diverse sources of information suggest that perceptual-motor and intellectual skills depend on distinct brain circuits.
It can be inferred from the passage that the optic tectum
- A. Functions similarly in vertebrates and invertebrates
- B. Coordinates somatosensory moment in snakes
- C. Is located in a comparable area of the brains of humans and giraffes
- D. Has a much more sophisticated structure than the cerebral cortex
- E. Functions similarly in animal and in plants
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The best answer is C.
According to the passage, the optic tectum occupies the same area of the brain in all vertebrates (animals with a spinal column).
NEW QUESTION 112 
- A. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
- B. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient
- C. Statement (1) ALONE Is sufficient, but statement (2) alone Is not sufficient
- D. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
- E. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient but statement (1) atone is not sufficient.
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 113
A certain municipality is deliberating over whether it will adopt a policy that would require it to have a balanced budget each year. Proponents prefer the policy because it would keep the municipality from spending more money than it receives, but critics argue that the policy should allow for exceptions so the municipality can respond to crises that might temporarily require spending beyond that amount.
From among the options below, select for Response to the critics and for Reply to that response two statements such that the first, if true, most strongly undermines the critics' argument and the second, if true, is the critics' strongest reply to that response. Make only two selections, one in each column.
Answer:
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NEW QUESTION 114
Many large stone heads have been discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica and have facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa, but it does not necessarily suggest that the founders of Olmec civilization came directly from Africa, since many indigenous peoples of countries such as Cambodia and the Philippines have similar characteristics.
- A. Many large stone heads, having been discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica, and with facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa,
- B. Facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa on many large stone heads discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica
- C. Many large stone heads have been discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica and have facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa, but it
- D. That many large stone heads discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica have facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa
- E. There are facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa on many large stone heads discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica, but it.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 115
Continuous indoor fluorescent light benefits the health of hamsters with inherited heart disease. A group of them exposed to continuous fluorescent light survived twenty-five percent longer than a similar group exposed instead to equal periods of indoor fluorescent light and of darkness.
The method of the research described above is most likely to be applicable in addressing which of the following questions?
- A. What are the inherited illnesses to which hamsters are subject?
- B. Are there plants that require specific periods of darkness in order to bloom?
- C. Can hospital lighting be improved to promote the recovery of patients?
- D. Can industrial workers who need to see their work do so better by sunlight or by fluorescent light?
- E. How do deep-sea fish survive in total darkness?
Answer: C
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NEW QUESTION 116
Originally, the bill for Quon's mea! was $11.88, which included an 8% tax on the cost of the meal. Quon presented a discount coupon for 25% off the cost of his meal.
Quon's final bill was the discounted cost of the meal plus the 8% tax on the discounted cost of the meal. How much was Quon's final bill?
- A. $8.91
- B. $8.93
- C. $9.13
- D. $11.63
- E. $9.62
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 117
Federal agricultural programs aimed at benefiting one group whose livelihood depends on farming often end up harming another such group.
Which of the following statements provides support for the claim above?
I. An effort to help feed-grain producers resulted in higher prices for their crops, but the higher prices decreased the profits of livestock producers.
II. In order to reduce crop surpluses and increase prices, growers of certain crops were paid to leave a portion of their land idle, but the reduction was not achieved because improvements in efficiency resulted in higher production on the land in use.
III. Many farm workers were put out of work when a program meant to raise the price of grain provided grain growers with an incentive to reduce production by giving them surplus grain from government reserves.
- A. I, II and III
- B. II and III, but not I
- C. I, but not II and not III
- D. II, but not I and not III
- E. I and III, but not II
Answer: E
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NEW QUESTION 118
Although abundant in many areas of the southern United States, the evening bat has always been uncommon to rare across the northern part of its range-most of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio-their already small populations decreasing even further during the latter part of the twentieth century.
- A. and already low populations decreased
- B. and its already low numbers decreased
- C. and their already small populations decreased
- D. their already low numbers decreasing
- E. their already small populations decreasing
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 119
A famous singer recently won a lawsuit against an advertising firm for using another singer in a commercial to evoke the famous singer's well-known rendition of a certain song. As a result of the lawsuit, advertising firms will stop using imitators in commercials. Therefore, advertising costs will rise, since famous singers' services cost more than those of their imitators.
The conclusion above is based on which of the following assumptions?
- A. Most people are unable to distinguish a famous singer's rendition of a song from a good imitator's rendition of the same song.
- B. The original versions of some well-known songs are unavailable for use in commercials.
- C. Commercials using famous singers are usually more effective than commercials using imitators of famous singers.
- D. The advertising industry will use well-known renditions of songs in commercials.
- E. Advertising firms will continue to use imitators to mimic the physical mannerisms of famous singers.
Answer: D
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NEW QUESTION 120
A report on acid rain concluded, "Most forests in Canada are not being damaged by acid rain." Critics of the report insist the conclusion be changed to, "Most forests in Canada do not show visible symptoms of damage by acid rain, such as abnormal loss of leaves, slower rates of growth, or higher mortality." Which of the following, if true, provides the best logical justification for the critics' insistence that the report's conclusion be changed?
- A. The report does not compare acid rain damage to Canadian forests with acid rain damage to forests in other countries.
- B. Some forests in Canada are being damaged by acid rain.
- C. All forests in Canada have received acid rain during the past fifteen years.
- D. The severity of damage by acid rain differs from forest to forest.
- E. Acid rain could be causing damage for which symptoms have not yet become visible.
Answer: E
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NEW QUESTION 121
The length of the longest thin rigid rod that can fit inside a right circular cylindrical can is 25 inches. If the can has depth 20 inches, which of the following is closest to the volume of the can in cubic inches?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
- A. Option B
- B. Option C
- C. Option E
- D. Option A
- E. Option D
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 122
Because the Dvorak keyboard puts vowels and other frequently used letters right under the fingers on home row, where typists make 70% of their keystrokes, people can type 20% to 30% faster and make 50% less errors.
- A. people can type 20% to 30% faster and make 50% less errors.
- B. people can type making 50% less errors and 20% to 30% faster.
- C. people can type 20% to 30% faster and make 50% fewer errors.
- D. people can type faster (20% to30%), making errors less than 50% of the time.
- E. people can type 20% to 30% faster while making 50% errors less.
Answer: C
Explanation:
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Explanation:
Errors is a plural noun, so it should be modified by fewer, not less. Thus, choices a, b, and e are incorrect.
Choice e also reverses the word order, placing the modifier less after the noun. Choice d is incorrect because it is less concise than choice c and the placement of 20% to 30% in parenthesis is slightly awkward and less direct than in choice c.
NEW QUESTION 123
Gene therapy offers a new treatment paradigm for curing human disease. Rather than altering the disease phenotype by using agents that interact with gene products, or are themselves gene products, gene therapy can theoretically modify specific genes resulting in disease cure following a single administration.
Initially gene therapy was envisioned for the treatment of genetic disorders, but is currently being studied for use with a wide range of diseases, including cancer, peripheral vascular disease, arthritis, Neurodegenerative disorders and other acquired diseases.
Certain key elements are required for a successful gene therapy strategy. The most elementary of these is that the relevant gene be identified and cloned. Upon completion of the Human Genome Project, gene availability will be unlimited. Once identified and cloned, the next consideration must be expression of the gene. Questions pertaining to the efficiency of gene transfer and gene expression remain at the forefront of gene therapy research, with current debates revolving around the transfer of desired genes to appropriate cells, and then to obtaining sufficient levels of expression for disease treatment. With luck, future research on gene transfer and tissue-specific gene expression will resolve these issues for the majority of gene therapy protocols.
Other important considerations for a gene therapy strategy include a sufficient understanding of the pathogenesis of the targeted disorder, potential side effects of the gene therapy treatment, and a more in depth understanding of the target cells which are to receive gene therapy.
Gene transfer vector is the mechanism by which the gene is transferred into a cell. Currently there are at least 150 clinical gene therapy protocols worldwide. Since the approval process for these protocols is not as public outside the U.S., it is difficult to ascertain the exact number of worldwide protocols. As of December 1995, 1024 patients had been treated with either a gene transfer or gene therapy protocol.
Much controversy exists regarding how many of these patients have benefited from their gene therapy, and no one has yet been cured.
Public controversy in the field of human gene therapy is driven by several factors. Ordinary citizens as well as scientists easily understand the enormous potential of gene therapy, but the former may not appreciate all the pitfalls and uncertainly that lie in the immediate future. The financial interests of biotechnology firms and, some have asserted the career interests of some gene therapists have encouraged extravagant, or at least verily optimistic public statements about contemporary gene therapy. In spite of the proliferation of protocols, the actual number of patients treated remains small, and only one genuinely controlled study of human gene therapy has been published as of this date The primary function of the fifth paragraph is to
- A. Recommend actions
- B. Identify problems
- C. Evaluate solutions
- D. Explain effects
- E. Warn of consequences
Answer: B
Explanation:
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The best answer is C.
The fifth paragraph is devoted to identifying various problems in the field today, such as the exaggerated claims made by biotechnological firms with vested financial interests.
NEW QUESTION 124
Read each passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question. Answer the questions based upon what is stated or implied in the reading passage.
For many years, there has been much hand-wringing over the fate of Social Security once the baby boomers reach retirement age. Baby boomers, people born between 1946 and 1964, represent the largest single sustained growth of population in the history of the United States. It is the sheer enormity of this generation that has had economists worried as retirement beckons. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by 2020, an estimated 80,000,000 Americans will have reached or surpassed the conventional age of retirement. With so many boomers retiring and drawing benefits but no longer paying into Social Security, many fear that the Social Security fund itself could go bankrupt.
However, a study released by the American Association for Retired Persons (AARP) that examined baby boomers' plans for retirement found that for the most part, this generation is not expected to adhere to the conventional retirement scheme, a fact that may please the worriers in Washington, DC.
In its survey, the AARP broke baby boomers into different categories based on their financial standing, degree of preparedness for retirement, and optimism toward the future. The AARP found that of all groups surveyed, only 13% planned to stop working altogether once they reached retirement age; the remaining
87% planned to continue working for pay. The reasons to continue working varied among the different groups. For some, the plan to continue working is a financial decision. Between 25% and 44% of respondents reported they are not financially prepared to retire and will therefore continue working past retirement age. For the remainder of those planning to work past their mid to late 60s, the decision is based on long-held goals to start a business and/or the desire to stay active in their industry or community.
Eventually, most baby boomers will need to stop working as they progress into their 70s, 80s, and beyond.
But with such large numbers planning to continue working, thereby continuing to pay into the Social Security fund, perhaps Social Security will be able to withstand the end of the baby boom and continue to be a safety net for future generations.
It can be inferred from the AARP survey results that
- A. most baby boomers are unaware of the actual cost of retirement.
- B. many baby boomers are afraid of retirement.
- C. many baby boomers do not have adequate savings.
- D. politicians do not understand the baby boom generation.
- E. few baby boomers are realistic about their retirement goals.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The survey found that a quarter to nearly a half of all respondents planned to keep working because "they are not financially prepared to retire." This suggests that many baby boomers do not have adequate savings. Nothing in the survey results suggests a fear of retirement (choice b). Also, nothing in the passage suggests that baby boomers are unaware of the cost of retirement (choice c).
The passage does not assess how realistic baby boomers' goals are (choice d) and makes no reference to politicians (choice e) other than the vague "worriers in Washington," a group that could include economists, lobbyists, and many other kinds of people.
NEW QUESTION 125
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